- Looked to science and logic (not the mythological gods) for explanations on how the world worked
- The socratic method fostered critical thinking
- "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Don't Just listen to teachers, think for yourself
- "The unexamined life is not worth living"
- Socrates was charged with serious crimes
- Impiety (disrespecting the gods)
- Corrupting the youth of Athens
- at his trail, he described himself as a stinging gadfly, and Athens as a lazy old horse
- did not deny what he had done; asked for free dinner
- found guilty by an Athenian jury, and sentenced to death by drinking poison hemlock
- Plato was a student and follower of Socrates
- He wrote out Socrates' teachings, and described his trial in Apology
- Republic was Socrates' discussion of justice and the ideal state - one of the most influential books on philosophy ever written
- Student of Plato
- Believed Athens should be an intellectual destination
- his school - the Lyceum - focused on cooperative research
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